When was three gorges dam completed

Long-term commercial loans by banks in these countries supported the credits. After intensive reviews by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan claimed the project offered the following main benefits:. Flood control: Japan believed the project would achieve its objectives in the area, despite claims that it could actually increase the risk of floods, either through changes in silt flow or a catastrophic dam collapse. This issue, in particular, generated a lot of sympathy for the project in Japan.

If it is not built, soaring Chinese emissions would rise even faster, causing more acid rain in Japan. Relocation: Japan believes current plans are adequate, although the situation would need to be kept under review. China initially insisted that potential problems were identified and dealt with.

However, there were calls on Western governments and companies to refrain from further support of the project until resettlement and human rights problems were resolved. There were claims that the dam did not address the real source of flooding deforestation in the Yangtze watershed and the loss of lakes that alleviated floods because of siltation, reclamation and uncontrolled development.

Corruption scandals also plagued the project. Contractors allegedly won bids through bribery and then siphoned off construction funds by skimping on equipment and materials. But the cost fell to CNYbn due to lower inflation rate during construction.

The Three Gorges Dam main equipment order was divided between six foreign groups, drawn into two project alliances. Alstom did not join the partnership between ABB and Kvaerner or any other leading global name for the bid, but the Chinese side clearly preferred to diversify its risks and gain broad access to Western technology rather than rely extensively on one supplier. This probably helped the Voith, Siemens and GE Hydro alliance, which was formed well ahead of bidding and represents an unusually strong concentration of expertise GE does not normally work with arch-rival Siemens.

Several of its units were involved, led by Mecanica Pesada of Brazil and the Tianjin Chinese hydro turbine joint venture. Kvaerner of Norway supplied design, technology, five runners and components. The six-unit order was split between Voith, the lead turbine contractor, Siemens, which was required to supply generators, and GE, which carried out turbine and generator work. Two Chinese equipment suppliers played a major role in the later stages of the first phase.

Harbin Power Equipment and Dongfang Electrical Machinery worked with the two foreign groupings, benefitting from extensive technology transfer requirements. The last two units of the first phase were almost entirely constructed in China. The power generated from the dam was transferred to two cities, including Shanghai and nine provinces from three directions. Construction tasks were assigned to Chinese groups. The work included building dikes and the powerhouse.

The offshore…. Get important industry news and analysis sent to your inbox — sign up to our e-Newsletter here. Shortlists Fuel Cells Hydro Solar Wind. Join Our Newsletter - Get important industry news and analysis sent to your inbox — sign up to our e-Newsletter here. Survey Manual. Credit: Le Grand Portage , Wikipedia. But, over a year-long period, both dams can generate about the same amount of electricity because seasonal variations in water availability on the Yangtze River in China limit power generation at Three Gorges for a number of months during the year.

The height of Three Gorges is about feet meters m and the length is about 7, feet 2, m. The dam creates the Three Gorges Reservoir, which has a surface area of about square miles 1, square kilometers and extends upstream from the dam about miles kilometers.

Water is everywhere, which is fortunate for all of humanity, as water is essential for life. Even though water is not always available in the needed quantity and quality for all people everywhere, people have learned to get and use water for all of their water needs, from drinking, cleaning, irrigating crops, producing electricity, and for just having fun.

Hydropower, or hydroenergy, is a form of renewable energy that uses the water stored in dams, as well as flowing in rivers to create electricity in hydropower plants.

The falling water rotates blades of a turbine, which then spins a generator that converts the mechanical energy of the spinning turbine into electrical energy. Hydroelectric power is a significant component of electricity So just how do we get electricity from water?

Actually, hydroelectric and coal-fired power plants produce electricity in a similar way. The new reservoir, typical of facilities in gorges, will not have a so-called "big-belly" section similar to other facilities built on lakes. Charm of Three Gorges to Remain The Three Gorges, one of the world's most famous scenic sites around Qutang, Wuxian and Xiling, features breathtaking scenery which attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists from at home and abroad each and every year.

The charming scenery will be left untouched following the damming of the mid-section of the Xiling Gorge. The high-water mark once the dam is completed will stand at However, the rise in the water level will have little impact on scenery in the Three Gorges which sit at an elevation of some 1, meters above sea level. The charm of the famous landmark will remain unchanged the year when the high-water mark will rise by some meters. A spectacular waterfall formed by the steep incline of the Three Gorges dike will offer a new site expected to attract an incessant stream of tourists.

Preliminary Success Scored in Three Gorges Resettlement Drive Some 90, local residents are expected to move out of the reservoir area of the Three Gorges Project by the end of this year, leading to a favorable start of the massive resettlement drive.

The Three Gorges Project will relocate 1. To this end, China will inject approximately billion yuan into the relocation of the reservoir residents by the year when the whole project is completed. And the sum will increase continuously in the future," according to an official with the Bureau of Resettlement and Development under the Three Gorges Project Construction Commission.

Along with the resettlement drive, the State also plans to invest more than 20 billion yuan on the upgrading of local infrastructure and construction of major industrial projects. State preferential policies, on the other hand, enabled the Three Gorges Reservoir Area to open itself wider to the outside world and may have more far-reaching positive impact on its future development, added the official. Over the past few years, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area already emerged as a hot destination for overseas investment.

To date, over foreign-funded ventures have landed in the city of Yichang, in the vicinity of the project, drawing a total of 1. Some Facts about the Three Gorges Project 1.